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Home | | Vol. 146, No. 9
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Jessica W.Grayson,MD1; ClaireHopkins,MD2; EriMori,MD3; et al BrentSenior,MD4; Richard J.Harvey,MD, PhD5,6
Author Affiliations Article Information
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1Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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2Department of Otolaryngology, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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3Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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5Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Citation
Grayson JW, Hopkins C, Mori E, Senior B, Harvey RJ. Contemporary Classification of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Beyond Polyps vs No Polyps: A Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;146(9):831–838. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1453
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JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Published Online: July 9, 2020
2020;146;(9):831-838. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1453
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Abstract
Importance Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a broadly defined process that has previously been used to describe many different sinonasal pathologic conditions from odontogenic sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis to the more contemporary definition of broad inflammatory airway conditions. Previous classification systems have dichotomized these conditions into CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps. However, clinicians are learning more about the inflammatory subtypes of CRS, which can lead to improved delivery and effectiveness of treatment.
Observations In clinical practice, treatment decisions are often based on observable findings, clinical history, presumed disease, and molecular pathophysiologic characteristics. A proposed classification system is simple and practical. It proposes that the functional anatomical compartments involved create the first level of separation into local and diffuse CRS, which are usually unilateral or bilateral in distribution. Diffuse does not imply “pansinusitis” but simply that the disease is not confined to a known functional anatomical unit. This classification takes into account whether local anatomical factors are associated with pathogenesis. Then the inflammatory endotype dominance is separated into a type 2 skewed inflammation, as this has both causal and treatment implications. The non–type 2 CRS encompasses everything else that is not yet known about inflammation and may change over time. The phenotypes or clinical examples are CRS entities that have been described and how they align with this system.
Conclusions and Relevance Although research continues to further define the subtypes of CRS into phenotypes and endotypes, the proposed classification system of primary CRS by anatomical distribution and endotype dominance allows for a pathway forward.
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